Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been - 717 Words

Joyce Carol Oates: Where are you going, Where have you been?† The story â€Å"Where are you going, Where have you been?† is about a fifteen year old girl Connie. Connie is like any other teenage girl acting more grown up that she really is. She is obsessed with her look and with boys. â€Å"She was fifteen and she had a quick nervous giggling habit of craning her neck to glance into mirrors, or checking other people’s faces to make sure her won was all right†(323). Teenagers are into their appearance and impressing others. This story is one that can show the dangers of being a teen who wants to be too grown. The story uses both foreshadowing and symbolism as literary devices. It gives off a message of the danger teenagers may face when attempting to be older than what they really are. Connie hangs out with her friends at the mall, but sometimes they sneak off to a restaurant where the older kids are. â€Å"Sometimes they did go shopping or to a movie, but sometimes they went across the highway, ducking fast across the busy road, to a drive-in restaurant where older kids hung out†(324). One time when they go to this restaurant she see’s a man who grabs her attention. â€Å"He stared at her and then his lips widened into a grin.†(325) She couldn’t help but glance back to see if he was watching and he was. â€Å"He wagged a finger and laughed and said, â€Å"Gonna get you baby,†(325). This part of the story is what foreshadows the ending where she has make a decision that means sacrificing herself toShow MoreRelatedWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been?1021 Words   |  5 PagesWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been? By Joyce Carol Oates A short story titled Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? tells a tale of an adolescent girl who suffers consequences of growing up in the unsupportive environment and the society preoccupied by the media. It is considered to be the most famous work of Joyce Carol Oates, an American writer, the winner of many significant literary awards and a two- time candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature. The story was firstRead MoreWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been?1882 Words   |  8 PagesThrough its contrasting reality and dreamlike scenes, Oates’ â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† uses details from a true American horror story to convey a message about society, youth and a loss of innocence. Arizona native Charles Schmid murdered Alleen Rowe on May 31, 1964. Schmid was considered a serial killer and was subsequently arrested and convicted of the heinous crimes that he was accused of. The profile of Schmid as a short man who wore makeup , wigs and altered boots to makeRead MoreWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Essay2193 Words   |  9 Pagesshort story â€Å"Where are you going, where have you been?† and Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† readers will dismiss the idea of the existence of any similarity in the stories of a fifteen year old girl and a grandmother. However, upon closer inspection, it is easy to appreciate how these two seemingly polar opposites are actually structured to invoke the same feelings in readers and to explore the same concepts. A close examination of â€Å"Where are you going, where have you been?† and â€Å"ARead MoreWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been?1528 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cultural Revolution and Sexual Desires in Oates’s â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been† The late 1950s was a time of cultural revolution which had a large influence on the American youth. â€Å"As the next decade drew near, issues such as civil rights, war, women s rights, and the sexual revolution would deeply affect many American teenagers. The conservative family values and morals that predominated in the 1950s were just beginning to be challenged as the decade came to a close† (Moss andRead MoreWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been?989 Words   |  4 PagesArnold Friend, a main character founded in the short story, â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† by Joyce Carol Oates, is often a debated by many readers to be a demon, a crazed stalker and maniac, or in fact Lucifer himself. After reading the short story and analyzing the details of the characters, Arnold Friend really stands out and leaves many unanswered questions on what the author was intending to do with this particular character in identifying who he really is. After thoroughly analyzingRead MoreWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been?843 Words   |  4 PagesIn the short fiction Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? tells a story about a young 15-year-old girl named, Connie. Connie spends her time meeting boys, lounging around the house and going out with her friends. One night an unusual man makes a threatening gesture to her in the parking lot of a local drive-in restaurant. Until, one day the unusual man pulls up in her driveway in a gold colored car. The man introduces himself as Arnold Friend and asks Connie to join him for a ride. During theirRead MoreWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been?1733 Words   |  7 PagesWhere there is desire, there is hope, despair, and struggle. Joyce Carol Oates illustrates animatedly the asphyxiated struggle of desire in her short story â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† The story narrates the life of a young girl, named Connie, and her fated and enigmatic confrontation with a strange ma n. Feeling trapped in her own home with her own family, Connie, a self-conscious and rebellious teenager, tries to figure out a way to identify herself with the world around her. HerRead MoreWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been?1946 Words   |  8 PagesIn the short story, â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† the author, Joyce Carol Oates, creates Connie, an average fifteen year old girl, who rebels against her parents and begins to discover her sexual appeal as she grows up. At times it seems that Connie wants to grow up too fast. All her attention goes to her looks, music, and boys. Connie is a dynamic character who goes through an emotional rollercoaster when she meets the mysterious Arnold Friend. At first he seemed like just anotherRead MoreWhere Are You Going? Where Have You Been?1546 Words   |  7 PagesWhere Are You Going? Where Have You Been? In the short story, Where are you going, Where Have You Been? by Joyce Carol Oates, Connie flaunts her beauty to receive attention from the opposite sex and is lead to temptation. The antagonist Arnold Friend, who symbolizes the devil, shows how simple it is to take away your safe haven through sinister acts. Connie is split between how she acts and portrays herself at home, and how she acts whenever she is with her group of friends. Connie refuses toRead MoreWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been?723 Words   |  3 PagesPsycho, Demon, Dreams, Oh My! â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† by Joyce Carol Oates is a short story about a 15-year old girl named Connie that falls in the trap of Arnold Friend. There are many interpretations to this short story, and many arguments have fought back and forth to find out the true inside meaning to find out what the reason was for Joyce Carol Oates to write this story. There are hundreds of analyses for this story out there, but I am going to just be talking about three;

Assassination of John F Kennedy - 1119 Words

At approximately 12:30 p.m. on November 22nd, 1963 the world was shockingly stunned by a horrific incident that has forever changed the view of the events that occurred during this day. While our President was riding a convertible motorcade down Elm Street in Dealey Plaza, Texas he was abruptly struck by two penetrating bullets in the upper back and head. Our 35th President of the United States of America had been fatally assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald, a sniper from the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository Building. However, did Lee Harvey Oswald, a crazy lunatic act alone in the assassination of President Kennedy. Both first – hand knowledge and visual evidence allows people to re – examine the events of this day and†¦show more content†¦Kennedy’s head. The badge man was strategically positioned in the grassy knoll, a fenced area to the right of JFK’s motorcade. The final blow to Kennedy’s skull pierced him in the uppe r right forehead causing him to react back and to the left. It is indisputable that Oswald acted alone since his positioned location could not under any circumstance accomplish an unmanageable shot like that. Due to his angle from the grassy knoll the badge man was the only one who could have made the specific shot that obliterated the head of JFK. Coincidentally, as soon as President Kennedy was annihilated the swarm of petrified people instantly ran toward the grassy knoll later proclaiming they heard â€Å"shots† fired from that direction. Pictorial evidence from the camera of Mary Moorman illustrates a figure in a uniformed police suit firing a weapon and clarifies there was assistance to the murder. The question with Lee Harvey Oswald is that could he have shot President John F. Kennedy out of cold blood to achieve a political objective? The answer is no because the entire assassination was a setup to overthrow Kennedy as commander and chief. Previous to the assass ination date Lee Harvey Oswald briefly conversed in a secret meeting with Jack Ruby, a mobster involved with organized crime. The Italian Mafia was notoriously known for despising the Kennedy’s. John F. Kennedy who had failed toShow MoreRelatedThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy982 Words   |  4 Pages O’Reilly and Dugard’s book, Killing Kennedy, is about the events leading to President John F. Kennedy being shot, as well as what happened after the assassination. This book also describes the rise and fall of John F. Kennedy. The authors also wrote about the Cold War, Kennedy dealing with communism, and threats of crime. January of 1961, the cold war was growing stronger and Kennedy was struggling with communism. During all of this happening, he was learning what it meant to be a president. HeRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1620 Words   |  7 Pages Ever since the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963, there has been controversy over whether the true gunman was held accountable. The United States Government claimed that it was an easy, open and closed case. They found Lee Harvey Oswald, close to ground zero, with a freshly fired riffle, immediately after JFK was shot. Contrary to the governments report, skeptics argue a vast scope of conspiracies to shed light on what they believe happened that day; ideas ranging from magic bullets, multipleRead MoreThe Kennedy Assassinations By John F. Kennedy Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pages Decades later, the Kennedy assassinations and surrounding mysteries continue holding public interest. Although their notoriety as charismatic leaders is a significant contribution, other factors regarding societal psychology deserve consideration whilst exploring this phenomenon. With these events occurring during a time that allows living witnesses, modern accessible evidence, various media covera ge, and visible modern impact, the mysterious Kennedy assassinations have the capacity to encourageRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy Assassination1618 Words   |  7 PagesJohn F. Kennedy Assassination Was John F. Kennedy’s assassination a single shooter or was it a conspiracy? Since November 22, 1963 people around the world have wondered who it was that shot President Kennedy, and what for. So many questions have formed around this event, not just about who the shooter was, but also questions like what might the world have been like today if the shooting didn’t happen? The Kennedy assassination has been a mystery for many years. A lot of people hear about the differentRead MoreAssassination Of John F. Kennedy1002 Words   |  5 PagesThe Assassination of John F. Kennedy â€Å"Our most basic common link is that we all inhabit this planet. We all breathe the same air. We all cherish our children’s future. And we are all mortal.† President Kennedy stated in his commencement speech at American University on June 10, 1963. John F. Kennedy was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 to his assassination in November 1963. There are numerous conspiracy theories involving Kennedy’s assassinationRead MoreAssassination of John F. Kennedy931 Words   |  4 PagesThe John F. Kennedy assassination is believed to be one of the most controversial and debated topics in American History. JFK was one of the most beloved presidents of our time. Other assassinations of presidents didn’t have as many Conspiracy theories compared to the JFK assassination on November 22nd, 1963. Some of the theories include a Government cover-up, Mafia influence, and Cuban President Fidel Castro (Stern). T he assassination of John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas, raised many questions thatRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1500 Words   |  6 PagesOn November 23, 1963, three shots were fired at President John F. Kennedy’s limousine in Dallas, Texas. The first shot went through the president’s neck, the second was the fatal shot that would ultimately end Kennedy’s life. There is a lot of speculation about what really took place in the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Many people believe that Lee Harvey Oswald worked alone, but there are many people across the nation who think differently. Many theories can both support and disprove that LeeRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesThe book I chose to read is The Assassination of John F. Kennedy by Lauren Spencer. It was published in 2002 by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. It contains 64 pages. This book not only provides information on the killing of President Kennedy, b ut also information on his life, the arrested murderer s life, and more interesting background information and details. This books main objective is to go deeper into the case of John F. Kennedy s assassination, to discuss personal information about suspectsRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe Assassination of John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated on November 22, 1963 at 12:30 p.m Central Standard Time in Dallas, Texas while riding in a motorcade in Dealey Plaza.[1] Kennedy was fatally shot by Lee Harvey Oswald while he was riding with his wife, Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, and Connally s wife, Nellie, in a presidential motorcade. A ten-month investigation by the Warren Commission from November 1963 to September 1964Read MoreThe John F. Kennedy Assassination1803 Words   |  8 PagesU.S. History 102 Research Project The John F. Kennedy Assassination Cody D. Bindley History 102: 1865 to Present Instructor Sumner February 7, 2016 INTRODUCTION On November 22, 1963 President John F. Kennedy was attending a parade in Dallas, Texas. During this parade President Kennedy was traveling in a 1961 convertible Lincoln Continental limousine with the top down. President Kennedy was traveling in the third row passenger side seat of the vehicle, seated to his left was

Microeconomic Business Product Consuming

Question: Describe about the Microeconomic Business for Product Consuming. Answer: 1: Assuming that the thought process was rational, the purchasing was done where the utility from consuming the product was at par with the price of the product. The recent purchasing done was of a product from clothing category. The questions that have been answered before making the transaction was: A. whether the demand for the good and supply of it, are at equilibrium, and B. whether the equilibrium price was feasible. The purchase was done according to the demand and supply concept to ensure the given price is one that comes from the equilibrium. The utility theory was also incorporated. According to Wang (2016), the mix of these two makes the decision rational. Because of this, the cloth that has been bought has given highest marginal utility. 2: The diminishing marginal utility describes that as more of a good is consumed, after a certain amount of consumption the utility achieved from the consumption will start to decrease. During the case of a budget cut as a consumer tries to maximize her utility, she will cut the items in the budget with lowest marginal utility. This way she will try to maximize her utility. On the other hand, the Washington monument strategy advocates of cutting the good from the budget which has highest marginal utility. As stated by Hugh-Jones (2014), here is the difference between the choices in economics and politics. As this behaviour represents irrationality, the choice seems misleading. The difference lies between these two is the hidden political agenda in Washington monument strategy. References: Hugh-Jones, D. (2014). Why do crises go to waste? Fiscal austerity and public service reform. Public Choice, 158(1-2), 209-220. Wang, S. (2016). Microeconomic Theory (Book). Browser Download This Paper.

International Graduate School Exhibit Shows

Introduction One of the most popular marketing communications campaigns of promoting a masters degree program to potential students has been through the use of educational exhibits that are done in cooperation with the British Council.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Graduate School Exhibit Shows specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The British Council (not to be confused as a government entity) is an international education marketing service that enables schools within the UK (and other countries as well) to connect with potential students around the world. This is done through education exhibits wherein various schools have booths that showcase what programs potential students can go for, what amenities can they expect from their respective universities and whether one particular type of program is better than another. Thus, from the perspective of students, the British Council marketing campaign can be considered as one of the best methods of learning what particular program would be best for them. However, despite the advantages showcase by this particular method of direct promotion, it must be questioned whether such a marketing initiative is effective at all given that several of the locations that the British council has campaigned in have students that would not be able to afford the high tuition fees associated with learning within a U.K. based school. International Advertising International advertising initiatives such as those done by the British Council in countries such as Indonesia, Ghana and the Philippines all attempt to target new markets within foreign countries due to flat growth in their main consumer markets (i.e. the U.S.) They do this by utilizing print ads and television advertisements in order to create an association between education and success (i.e. if a person learns at a particular university in the UK they will become wealthy) which results in a far greater degree of students applying.Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, this is a form of informative advertising wherein companies seek to create greater awareness for their products/services. The research methodology behind this form of advertising is basically one which involves creating an association between a new product and a given benefit. For example, advertising campaigns tend to associate the use of some beauty creams as a means of getting a more â€Å"youthful† look. Targeting the Correct Market Segment What must be understood is that the ultimate goal of advertising is to be able target products to the consumers who want to buy them. As such, in order to create sales for a company what is needed is to examine the current market and customers and determine why a product or service is not selling and revise strategies accordingly in order to target the correct market segment. Companies in such situations can approach their relationships with consumers through the use of a systematic, rigorous process of segmentation, targeting and positioning which should result in the company being able to determine which consumer segment to approach and how to properly position itself to create sales and maximize profit (Shankar 1999). In the case of many of today’s advertising agencies, this comes in the form of traditional advertising strategies (i.e. print ads, television commercials or sponsorships) or non traditional methods of advertising which take the form of online ads and viral video campaigns which are becoming increasingly popular as a means of reaching millions of people with a relatively small budget. When examining the case of the British Council campaign in promoting UK based educational institutions, it must be questioned whether their strategy of expansion in various Asian markets is a smart one given the limited funding of local populations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Graduate School Exhibit Shows specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, when examining the locations where the British Council has been holding its educational fairs, it can be seen that they have events occurring within Indonesia, the Philippines, Nigeria, Ghana and Mauritius. While it is not the intent of this paper to disparage the potential such locations have for producing high quality students, the fact remains that these locations have income levels that are far below the UK norm. Even though there would be willing students, it is unlikely that they would even be able to afford the tuition even if significant levels of financial assistance were provided. As such, this calls into question the viability of the target market approach that the British Council educational institution promotion strategy is employing. One aspect to take int o consideration when it comes to this type of advertising is the fact that at times certain products become a â€Å"tough sell†. In such cases what is needed is to frame an offer to get rid of the objection so as to entice consumers to purchase the product once more despite the market environment dictating the complete opposite type of buying behavior. This process in effect creates a buying situation where the consumer observes the perks of buying a particular product and neglects to take into account the possible negative implications of the sale. Such a situation would normally be possible in market segments that have the excess liquidity to actually buy a product yet are unable to do so. However, within the context of the British Council campaign, despite the efforts of the organization to promote the product (i.e. education in the UK) the fact remains that relatively few people within some of the countries that the campaign advertises in actually have students that can a fford the product they are offering.Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One strategy that is often utilized in advertising is the use of discounts when selling particular products such as various services (i.e. advertising).What you have to understand is that people love a bargain and, as such, it is at times necessary to lower prices in order to have some form of income rather than none at all (Grà ¸nhaug, Kvitastein Grà ¸nmo 1991). Such a tactic contributes significantly towards the agency’s advertising strategy since this enables consumers to perceive that they are getting their money’s worth when it comes to purchasing the company’s services. As such, if the British Council were to offer partial scholarships to lower the cost of education for particular educational institutions, then it may be possible to actually create a market situation where there would be actual buyers instead of mere onlookers. Present Day Advertising Strategies using the Internet One of the methods that the British Council has utilized in order to prom ote its various education fairs has been through the use of the internet. The sheer proliferation of social media platforms such as blogs, wikis and online forums has created an unprecedented opportunity for advertising services like the British Council to take advantage of this new social trend in order to promote particular products and services via online social platforms. Nearly 22% of all online activity within the U.S. alone is spent on social networking websites and as such is indicative of the consumer market share that social media platforms could potentially provide to the company should it utilize such an advertising tool. Furthermore it has been proven that using social media programs such as viral advertising initiatives results in a certain degree of â€Å"hype† being generated for a particular product or service yet only cost a fraction of a standard advertising campaign. Thus from a cost-benefit standpoint the utilization of social media platforms as advertisi ng tools is not only advantageous for an advertising agency in terms of brand promotion and gaining a certain degree of market penetration into potentially untapped consumer segments but it can do so at a relatively low cost and as such presents numerous potential avenues of approach by which an agency can generate consumer awareness of its clients products. One way in which the British council has been utilizing social media in advertising its various university fairs was to create a Facebook fan page for the company in order to help better connect itself with its current customer base. What must be understood is that by creating a fan page this allows subscribed Facebook fans to receive updates from the company in the form of fair launch dates, overall service availability, performance and other factors that can contribute to its sale. In fact a fan page creates a â€Å"human† face for the company in that by posting daily news regarding the particular industry the company i s in. This helps consumers to better understand the British council and thus create a greater degree of awareness for the various fairs which translates into a higher likelihood of service patronage. It is also interesting to note that through the fan page the company can also better facilitate particular promotions such as discounts, special contests and other such methods of promotional advertising that are meant to entice greater public interest. Various companies ranging from the alcoholic beverage maker Jack Daniels to the computer manufacturer Asus have Facebook fan pages and this has enabled them to create a larger consumer fan base since instead of the company merely being a nameless entity that consumers buy products or services from, it is subsequently transformed into an entity with particular views, positions on current events and even a sense of humor when it comes to posting its daily wall posts Effective Use of Advertising While advertising is an effective means for a UK based university to communicate with its potential students and deliver its intended message, this does not mean that all types of advertising are suitable for delivering a message for a particular type of company or a specific kind of product (Proctor, Proctor, Papasolomou-Doukakis 2002). Since most students can be considered as being rational consumers they would of course tend to patronize a product that they believe is within their price range, is of exceptional quality and has a higher degree of total utility compared to similar products within the market. This would result in students having a greater likelihood of going for a particular university that they saw through informative advertising since for them it fulfills all the prerequisites needed for effective consumption. However, it should be noted that within the context of college education promotions, persuasive advertising is utilized as a means of changing a consumers mind by presenting a need that did not previo usly exist. For example, when going to these fairs people initially have no idea that they need to take up a masters degree, however, after the various presentations given by schools and by the British Council itself, this creates the desire for a masters degree due to the supposed advantages of having one. This can come in the form of showing potential career advantages that come with a master’s degree, how obtaining one would result in more opportunities in the future and lastly how it would actually be fun to take up advanced education in another country. Conclusion Based on the examination of the British Council campaign that was examined, it can be seen that advertising is a way in which a company generates interest in a particular product line in order to encourage greater sales within specific markets. It also acts as a method to generate a certain degree of â€Å"hype† and product patronage for the products/services that the company is offering (Hirschman Thom pson 1997). In some product markets, certain types of consumer goods and services require â€Å"an extra push† so to speak when trying to conduct normal business operations. In such instances, if customers are not buying, more often than not, it is an indication that a company is targeting the wrong people (Hirschman Thompson 1997). Taking this into consideration, it can be assumed that in cases where a hard to sell product is involved it is not that the company is experiencing a situation where the consumer does not want to be a customer but rather the company is merely targeting the wrong consumer market. It is in such instances that techniques such as informative, reassuring and persuasive advertising are utilized in order to gain the patronage of the market segment that the company is aiming for. Based on the various examples that have been presented, it can be seen that despite various forms of consumable media in the form of print ads, billboards, commercials, online a dvertising campaigns and a plethora of other types of advertising initiatives being present in the world today, not all techniques utilized in their creation are applicable to particular companies, products or services. At times it requires a specific type of advertising initiative whether informative, persuasive or reassuring in order to reach the ultimate goal of advertising which is to be able target products/services to the consumers who want to buy them and retain their patronage for as long as possible. Reference List Grà ¸nhaug, K, Kvitastein, O, Grà ¸nmo, S 1991, ‘Factors moderating advertising effectiveness as reflected in 333 tested advertisements’, Journal Of Advertising Research, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 42-50, Hirschman, E, Thompson, C 1997, ‘Why Media Matter: Toward a Richer Understanding of Consumers’ Relationships with Advertising and Mass Media’, Journal Of Advertising, vol.26, no.1, pp. 43-60 Proctor, S, Proctor, T, Papasolomou-Douk akis, I 2002, ‘A post-modern perspective on advertisements and their analysis’, Journal Of Marketing Communications, vol.8, no. 1, pp. 31-44 Shankar, A 1999, ‘Advertising’s imbroglio’, Journal Of Marketing Communications, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1-15 This essay on International Graduate School Exhibit Shows was written and submitted by user Shane Maxwell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

International Marketing Rollout Plan Essay Example

International Marketing Rollout Plan Essay Example International Marketing Rollout Plan Essay International Marketing Rollout Plan Essay Discourse the Impact of Globalisation on the Automotive Industry. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 The Smaller Globe †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.. 3 Switching Tides †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 The Dynamics of Globalisation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Bibliography.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ .†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Introduction Bhaqwati ( 2004, p 1 ) provinces that the term ‘globalisation’ â€Å"†¦ can intend many things.† In the context of international trade, he ( Bhaqwati, 2004, p 1-2 ) defines it as the â€Å"Economic globalization †¦ of national economic systems into the international economic system through trade, direct foreign investing, †¦ short-run capital flows, †¦ and flows of technology†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The importance and influence of international trade was recognized every bit early as 380 BC by Plato who observed â€Å"†¦ it is practically impossible to set up the metropolis in a part where it will non necessitate imports† ( Irwin, 1997, P 13 ) . The relevancy of the predating in footings of modern-day concerns and industries is best summed up by Michael Porter’s five basic forces that define the province of fight within an industry and therefore represents the underlying foundation upon which an scrutiny of the ‘Impact of global ization on the automotive industry’ shall be based ( Porter, 1979, Pp 21-22 ) : The menace of new entrants, Dickering power of providers, Dickering power of clients Menace of replacement merchandises or services The industry jockeying for place among current rivals Porter ( 1979, Pp 21 ) provinces that â€Å"The corporate strength of these forces determines the ultimate net income potency of an industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He adds that: â€Å"Whatever their corporate strength, the corporate strategist’s end is to happen a place in the industry where his or her company can outdo support itself from these forces or can act upon them in its favor† ( Porter, 1979, P -22 ) . Herein lies the premiss every bit good as points of scrutiny from which the ‘impact of globalization on the automotive industry’ shall be conducted. The automotive industry has been selected as the instance illustration as it impacts the economic systems of industrialised states more than any other merchandise and therefore their economic lucks in footings of trade shortages, occupations and balance of payments finds a strong correlativity in how this industry performs in a domestic sense every bit good as upon the universe phase. The Smaller Globe The forces of globalization has resulted in a reshaping of the international automotive industry as a consequence of consumer consciousness and the demand for companies to spread out their markets in the pursuit for increased unit production and stockholder value. The influence and effects of the media in conveying viing theoretical accounts, along with international athleticss events sponsorships, automotive magazines, the Internet and international racing events have created new kineticss ( Gordon, 2004 ) . The bosom of the issue nevertheless, is national economic sciences in the production and gross revenues of cars and their associated merchandises and serving represent ( Bernaldo de Quiros, 2004, Pp 66-75 ) . The automotive industry is the figure one consumer of steel and gum elastic and drives a host of associated industries and companies from gasolene to wirelesss, parts, providers and franchises. It is a accepted economic force. The United States automotive industry became th e universe leader as a consequence of its immense homogeneous market of 295,734,134 persons ( CIA World Factbook, 2005 ) , and represented the focal point of the industry from its origin through to early 2000 when the European Union replaced it as the world’s figure one trading zone as evidenced by its 462,371,237 persons in 25 member states ( Internet World Stats, 2006 ) . The kineticss of China’s burgeoning market ( Stark, 2005 ) will overshadow anything yet seen in automotive history as it seeks to provide vehicles to a population of 1,306,313,812 ( Yahoo Education, 2006 ) . The predating kineticss represent points one, three and five on Michael Porter’s ( 1979, Pp 21-22 ) list of ‘five basic forces: The menace of new entrants, Dickering power of providers, Dickering power of clients Menace of replacement merchandises or services The industry jockeying for place among current rivals The foregoing is a direct consequence of the shrinkage of the Earth as represented by increased communicating manners, telecasting, printed media, films and the Internet, every bit good as increased consumer consciousness and national economic policies. The Shaping of Changing Dynamics, The Past Influences the Present The predating displacements in economic features have changed the historical focal point of automotive makers from concentration on the United States market, to the universe phase. The first international car company was Ford. It founded Ford of Canada in 1904, and in turn established operations in England ( 1911 ) , Brazil ( 1919 ) , Germany and Australia ( 1925 ) , as it established its presence on the universe phase ( Detroit News.com, 2006 ) . But in truth, Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler put the first motor vehicle into production in 1885 ( Wright, 1996 ) . The first traces of the present twenty-four hours manifestations can be traced back to the Nipponese automotive enlargement in the United States in the 1980’s when the Nipponese car makers challenged and passed the United States in entire vehicles manufactured ( Wright, 1996 ) . Today, Nipponese automotive makers sell one out of every four vehicles purchased in the U.S. market ( Wright, 1996 ) . The present construction of the automotive industry sees Nipponese, German, British, American, Gallic, Italian vehicles being manufactured in other states in a true statement of globalization. The switching tides of the industry is evidenced by the size of the automotive makers as shown by the Fortune 500 Global list for 2000 and 2005: Table 1 – Fortune Global 500 Comparisons, Automotive Companies By Gross saless ( Fortune Magazine, 2000 ) ( Fortune Magazine, 2005 ) Rank Year Company Gross saless ( Bn ) Rank Year Company Gross saless 5 2000 General Motors 193 5 2005 General Motors 193 6 2000 Daimler Chrysler 192 6 2005 Daimler Chrysler 176 7 2000 Ford 170 7 2005 Toyota 172 8 2000 Toyota 165 8 2005 Ford 172 12 2000 VW 120 15 2005 VW 110 26 2000 Honda 78 27 2005 Honda 80 28 2000 Peugeot 77 29 2005 Nissan 79 35 2000 Nissan 71 41 2005 Peugeot 70 51 2000 Fiat 60 57 2005 Fiat 59 The comparative displacements represented by the predating Table indicates that the automotive giants in the United States are losing land, with one automotive company, Chrysler, now the acquisition of Daimler Benz, go forthing merely General Motors and Ford as the staying vehicle makers in the United States. Switching Tides The menaces to the United States laterality non longer entirely consists of market portion in that market. It is a factor of market portion and gross revenues on a planetary plane. And while U.S. made vehicles sell in their place state. They are practical shades in footings of planetary presence, and herein represent the stating effects of globalization, selling and merchandising merchandises internationally. The preceding is a merchandise of corporate civilization. International companies must hold an international outlook at the top of the corporate hierarchy in order to develop merchandises, and selling scheme suited to the universe phase ( Onkvisit et al, 2004, P 2 ) . The place market focal point as represented by the executive top direction of American automotive companies is working against them in the face of globalization. The really fact that Nipponese and European car makers focused on deriving U.S. market portion, every bit good as within the European Union and Africa eve ry bit good as Asia is functioning them good. The top direction constructions at European and Nipponese car makers has been skewed from an international position decennaries ago, and the net effects can be seen by their market incursion globally which sees an absence of American makers by and big. Ford and General Motors have a market presence in Europe through their Focus and Opel divisions, by their other trade name names such as Lincoln, Mercury, Chevrolet, Buick and Cadillac are notably absent. Onkvisit et Al, 2004, P 4 ) illustrates this position by the undermentioned definition â€Å"Domestic Marketing is concerned with the selling patterns within a †¦ marketer’s place country† . He farther illustrates this point by indicating to the advertisement motto of Lufthansa Airlines, which stated â€Å"You don’t learn to wing overseas overnight.† ( Onkvisit et al, 2004, P 6 ) . The predating clearly points to the advantages of holding a planetary position at the top of the organisational construction. The Dynamics of Globalisation The preceding is stating in that all of the companies other than Ford and GM, as represented in Table 1 derive their gross revenues as a consequence of get the hanging consumer design, characteristics, quality, distribution and merchandising in foreign markets. Globalisation calls for globally oriented merchandises. This means vehicle sizes, internal characteristics, engines and other constituents that fit the demands and dictates of differing markets. Companies such as Daimler Benz, Peugeot ( which does non sell vehicles in the U.S. market ) , VW, Toyota, Fiat and the others manufacture what are termed ‘world cars’ ( Camuffo, 2005, p 2 ) . These are described as vehicles that are designed for the narrower streets of foreign metropoliss, have efficient design engines for long-run lastingness, are monetary value witting and low-cost, and offer public-service corporation. See the size of vehicles manufactured and produced for the American market by Ford, General Motors, Da imler Benz, Toyota, BMW, and Nissan. Larger gasolene powered autos and SUV’s that entreaty to the market gustatory sensations of the American consumer. The preceding does non stand for the schemes that work in the European Union that is dominated by efficient Diesel engines, smaller public-service corporation hatchback type design that fits the smaller street breadth of Europe’s metropoliss ( Korth, 2005, Pp 35-42 ) . The European Union has put forth a ‘Competitive Automotive Regulatory System for the 21st Century’ , termed â€Å"CARS 21† ( European Commission, 2005 ) . The foregoing is in acknowledgment of the fact that vehicles represent â€Å"†¦ 3 % of Europe’s Gross Domestic Product, 7 % of employment in the fabrication sector and 8 % of EU governments’ entire revenue†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and is â€Å"†¦ a pillar of the European economy† ( European Commission, 2005, p 4 ) . â€Å"CARS 21† sets forth rigorous ordinances covering environmental and route safety developed specially in response to globalization issues ( European Commission, 2005, p 5 ) . The aim of â€Å"CARS 21† is to: â€Å"†¦ make recommendations for the short-run, medium, and long term populace policy and regulative model for the European automotive industry, which enhance planetary fight and employment while prolonging farther advancement in safety and environmental public presentation at a monetary value affordable to the consumer† ( European Commission, 2005, p 6 ) . Clearly, the predating points to the apprehension of the economic importance of the automotive industry and the menaces posed by globalization in consideration of Michael Porter’s ( 1979, Pp 21-22 ) list of ‘five basic forces: The menace of new entrants, Dickering power of providers, Dickering power of clients Menace of replacement merchandises or services The industry jockeying for place among current rivals Decision The impact of globalization on the automotive industry is seeing that the emerging markets such as â€Å"†¦ Brazil, India, and China†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( Camuffo, 2005, p 2 ) every bit good as markets in Eastern Europe and Mexico represent parts that demand universe auto solutions in response to their peculiar market niceties and kineticss and are the new markets of growing. To run into these challenges calls for automotive makers to use new models in OEMs, supplier methodological analysis, part’s design, engineering use, logistics, works location and fabrication assembly and investing. The demands and demands of clients in these markets every bit good as the alone route and other conditions means that less expensive vehicles will hold to hold higher degrees of serviceableness and dependability. The preceding means that the markets will hold higher inputs in the dictates as to how these vehicles are designed. Flexibility with regard to the basic vehicle platform will be the norm, every bit good as the easiness of upgrading parts and characteristics to run into the turning demands of edification as these markets mature. The predating developments have heightened the bets in footings of growing as a consequence of the demands of globalization where â€Å"†¦ economic systems of graduated table and †¦ specialisation †¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( Camuffo, 2005, p 2 ) are the cardinal concern strategic considerations. The foregoing are factors, which represent easier challenges for those companies that â€Å"†¦ don’t learn to wing overseas overnight.† ( O nkvisit et al, 2004, P 6 ) . Bibliography Bernaldo de Quiros. ( 2004 ) .Why Globalization Works. Vol. 24. The Cato Journal Bhaqwati, Jagdish. ( 2004 ) . In Defense of Globalisation. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 0195170253 Camuffo, Arnaldo ( 2005 ) .Rolling Out a â€Å"World Car† : Globalization, Outsourcing and Modularity in the Auto Industry. University of Venice, Italy, Department of Business Economics and Management CIA World Factbook. ( 2005 ) .United States. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/us.html. Accessed 7 March 2006 Detroit News.com ( 2006 )Car of the Century? Ford’s Model T, of class. hypertext transfer protocol: //info.detnews.com/joyrides/story/index.cfm? id=75. Accessed 7 March 2006 European Comision ( 2005 )Cars 21. 13 January 2005. European Union Fortune Magazine. ( 2000 )Global 500. hypertext transfer protocol: //search.yahoo.com/search? p=fortune+global+500+list+1990 A ; ei=UTF-8 amp ; fr=FP-tab-web-t A ; b=11. Accessed 7 March 2006 Fortune Magaine ( 2005 )Global 500. hypertext transfer protocol: //money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/index.html. Accessed 7 March 2006 Gordon, Jacques. ( 2004 )Rushing Improves the Breed: Better rushing through modern engineering. May 2004. Aftermarket Business Internet World Stats ( 2006 )European Union. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.internetworldstats.com/europa.htm. Accessed 7 March 2006 Irwin, Douglas. ( 1997 ) .Against the Tide. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 0691058962 Korth, Kim. ( 2005 )Globalization: myths, speculatior A ; what you need to believe about.October 2005. Automotive Design A ; Production Onkvisit, Sak, Shaw, John. ( 2004 )International Marketing Strategy: Analysis and Strategy.Routledge Publishing. ISBN: 0415311330 Porter, Michael. ( 1997 ) .On Competition. Harvard Business School Press. ISBN: 0875847951 Stark, Jurgen. ( 2005 )The province of globalisation: A European insider studies the scene. Soring 2005. The International Economy Wright, Richard ( 1996 ) .A Brief History of the First 100 Old ages of the Automotive Industry in the United States.hypertext transfer protocol: //inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm? site=http: //www.theautochannel.com/mania/industry.orig/history/ . Accessed 7 March 2006 Yahoo Education ( 2006 )China. hypertext transfer protocol: //education.yahoo.com/reference/factbook/ch/popula.html. Accessed 7 March 2006

Charles Darwin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Charles Darwin - Essay Example The life of Charles Darwin was as eventful as his works. He had keen interest in natural history from his boyhood days. Even though his mother died when he was just a little boy, he had a proper and cultivated upbringing courtesy to the care of his older brother Erasmus who looked after the schooling of Darwin. He picked up things that interested him quickly and paid attention to medical studies in the initial phase of his university life. Later on he learned taxidermy from John Edmonstone, a black slave born in Demarara in the continent of South America. The 'Journey of the Beagle' was the most important voyage that Darwin embarked on to explore the evolution of life on earth. His main objectives during this journey were to collect specimens of natural history and to investigate geology. Theoretical speculations were made along with acute observations on marine invertebrates. Darwin's stature as a scientist rose to dizzying heights by the time the Beagle returned in 1836. He settled in Cambridge to work on the publication of papers on evolution of species. Darwin's experimental observations on the Galapagos birds were among the primary topics of his theory, which were to be reassessed by our team of Darwin scholars. To proceed furthermore with the discussion in hand, let us look at the team that has made a reliving quest in the Galapagos to remind us of the pros and cons of natural imbalance. Our team consists of: 1) Frank J. Sulloway - Darwin scholar 2) William H. Durham - Evolutionary Biologist 3) Mark W. Moffett - Entomologist 4) Greg de Nevers - Botanist 5) Roger A. Lang, Jr. - Conservationist 6) Lance Milbrand - Cameraman 7) Kathy Turco - Sound Recordist 8) Patrick Gambuti, Jr. - Editor 9) Michael Whalen - Composer 10) Bruce Weiss - Producer/Director Frank J. Sulloway is one of the most famous Darwin scholars to have been inspired by the dedication and vision of Charles Darwin himself. Sulloways's life and philosophies have been shaped to a great extent by the adventurous spirit of Darwin. The sphere of his personal works is based on the evolutionary theory. Dr. Sulloway has used the basics of this theory to investigate into the relation between family dynamics and personality development. He has shown through research and supporting evidences that birth order has an impact on personality and behavior. His famous book Born to Rebel: Birth Order, Family Dynamics, and Creative Lives captures the spirit of scientific reasoning along with the indomitable thirst to explore the unknown, much in sync with the mind of his mentor Charles Darwin. (Sulloway.org, 2009) In the context, one might quote the words of Professor John Stevens Henslow at Cambridge University. He viewed Darwin as "the best qualified person I know who is likely to und ertake such a situation." (Sulloway, p. 121) The team collectively put a great deal of effort on its own to recreate the past exploration in the Galapagos Island in 2002. If we trace the similarities between what it was like 160 years ago when a young Charles Darwin made his visit to the island and how it was in 2002, we will first of all observe the physical as well as mental condition of the explorers. Each member of our chosen team of naturalists was at their fittest best when

The Implications Of Bilateral Investment Treaties On Sustainable Literature review

The Implications Of Bilateral Investment Treaties On Sustainable Economic Development - Literature review Example The author continues to explain that the purpose of these treatment guarantees was to see less of discrimination acts against foreign investors by host countries7. Also intention was to protect foreign investors from unfair and expropriatory conduct by host States and further enable the liberalization of investment flows through the appropriate mechanisms of reduction of market access barriers.8 Research carried out shows that modern BITs could be characterized by three major substantive protection measures to the foreign investors. USINDIA Business Council expresses that, formulation of BIT gives foreign investors assurance on no discrimination.9 Accordingly, the observation made in this article is that, BITs have become pivotal to both National Treatment (NT) and Most-Favored Nation (MFN) treatment whereby foreign investors are treated on equal measure and basis just like investors from the host country.10 Secondly, the article summarizes that BITs assure fair and equitable treatme nt (FET) where foreign investors are assured and legally protected against arbitrary, unfair, and inequitable treatment11. Further analysis of the article it become clear that, international law standards have been put in place to guarantee foreign investors full protection and security for their investments.12 Moreover, the author of the article express that, BITs have been clarified to take into considerations of indirect expropriation where today there is emphasis of no expropriation without due process and full compensation.13 As a result of this, there has been adoption and implementation of laws that ban expropriation of investment unless clear and due law is observed and where... As the essay declares USINDIA Business Council expresses that, formulation of BIT gives foreign investors assurance on no discrimination. The observation made in this article is that, BITs have become pivotal to both National Treatment and Most-Favored Nation treatment whereby foreign investors are treated on equal measure and basis just like investors from the host country. According to the study findings the vibrancy of legal environment in which foreign investors have found room to operate and where there is legal protection has brought to the forefront the issue of whether BITs in real sense endeavor to promote sustainable development . For instance, the author observes that developing nations suffocated with the need for foreign direct investment (FDI) have become victims of BITs that strip such governments’ powers and rights to regulate and direct economic, social, and political development of their countries. Disputes involving investors and states have increased under BTs agreements. What investors have discovered is that BITs have become the appropriate avenues in which investors are able to challenge legal and policy developments that in most cases may not appeal to the investors. For instance, the author identifies the key areas of concern as where it has become common among many investors especially those in developing countries to cha llenge states governments on important issues such as nationalization of investment.